Note : TCP/IP is a different stack and a practical version of OSI model . It doesn't implement all layers of OSI models.
Read this article on geeksforgeeks : < https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tcp-ip-model/ >.
I was able to recollect all my readings in below image :
Some plain simple examples where sockets are used is real time chat , cricket scores , stock market data etc.
If you see something changing on page being changed without page reloading it could be web socket , although there are many other technologies like AJAX.
Important points to consider :
1) Plain sockets are based on TCP/IP , they are often called TCP/IP socket. Both sockets have same purpose allow stream of data without continuous hand shaking.
2) Websockets were designed as web browsers didn't had support for TCP/IP socket , as most of the webbrower as you know work on application layer.
3) Today many browsers support web sockets , however now there are many non-browser based clients exists for web-sockets.
Important : You may not need websocket all the time . websockets have additional overhead compared to sockets , so you might consider TCP/IP sockets if you are working in non-browser environment.
Also , the new buzz is socket.io , if you would like to read about it let me know.
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